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. (1803). ( 1815 .). (" , ... ", . , 1822).
( 1829 .).
: - (1844), (., 1846), (, 1848). .
.
(1807).
1853-1856 .
. (1854-1856): ( ); , .
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. (, , 4 1854 / 21 1854 . [ ..]). . (Florence Nightingale, 1820-1910) . " " . (1859). (1860, ). . . (1912).
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. (1899). , , , .
"American Journal of Nursing" (1900, Sophia Palmer).
: " " (1906-1918), " " ( 1936 .), " " ( 1942 .).


